Muscular cramping may occur during or one to two hours after exercise. Cramping may be induced in as little as 10 minutes after high intensity exercise targeting a specific muscle group.
The most commonly proposed causes of exercise associated muscle cramps (EAMC):
Dehydration – Decreases in body mass, blood and plasma volume
Abnormal electrolyte concentrations – Decrease concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, and/or calcium as a result of sweating or over consumption of water during exercise
Environmental stress – Exercising in heat may result in electrolyte imbalances and dehydration
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